MILLSTONES
TO MEGAWATTS
A
Bibliography for Industrial Historians
The
Publications of
Dr. D.G.Tucker
Editor: Tony
Bonson
The Midland
Wind & Water Mills Group
THE HISTORY OF ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING
THE HISTORY OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS
INTRODUCTION
David Gordon Tucker was born in 1914 and died aged 75
in 1990. During his lifetime as an engineer, academic, and industrial historian
he published well over 300 items, most of which were articles in various
journals and periodicals. It was obvious that his philosophy was to ensure that
all the time and effort of his research would be of the greatest benefit by
disseminating the information to as wide an audience as possible. This
information could then be used by others to take the research further, also the
very fact of publication would unearth sources of information that otherwise
would not have come to light. This philosophy is not so unusual when one
considers Gordon’s background as an engineer and academic but can seem foreign
to some historians who prefer to claim a subject as their own fiefdom.
Alternatively, they do not publish their work until every facet of the subject
has been investigated and who, therefore, by the very nature of historical
research, only publish rarely and in a very narrow field.
As the bulk of Gordon Tucker’s published research was
as articles in various journals and periodicals, these articles would be
tailored to the type of publication in which they appeared. Sometimes, in order
to publish all his information, Gordon would publish similar articles in a
number of journals, all with a different emphasis and with differing details.
Unfortunately the passing of time has left the total information dispersed and
perhaps some has become forgotten. In the 53 years during which he was actively
publishing, Gordon averaged six published items per year,
that is one every two months. If one considers that there were some times
that were not very productive, then at other times he was probably producing
one item for publication per month (this was in the days before word
processing!). This gives some idea of the amount of work that he undertook and
the importance of his archive.
Throughout his life Gordon Tucker was always keen to
encourage others in their research work and it is for this reason that this
bibliography has been compiled to make his work once again accessible to
another generation of industrial historians and archaeologists.
Gordon
Tucker’s Career
Gordon Tucker’s career started at the age of
seventeen, in 1931, when he joined the Post Office as an apprentice at their
research establishment at Dollis Hill in North London. After acquiring his
bachelor’s degree externally from London University he published his first
paper in 1937 in the Post Office Electrical Engineers’ Journal. In the
following years up to 1945 his output was not prolific, as can be imagined with
such diversions as the Second World War, his external degree of Doctor of
Philosophy, and his courtship and marriage to his wife, Mary. After 1945 he
published widely in a variety of periodicals and learned society journals on
subjects related to telecommunications, radio, or just basic electronic circuitry.
Many of these articles are now of historical interest, for Dr.Tucker,
as he had now become, invented the synchrodyne radio receiver
and worked on many aspects of telephony such as the development of the FDM
carrier system which remained in use until quite recently.
In 1950 he moved to the Royal Navy Underwater Research
Establishment at
During his time at Birmingham University Gordon began
to become interested in the history of technology, joining the Newcomen Society in the late 1950s. After his retirement
from the role of professor at the age of 59, Gordon’s activities with respect
to industrial history blossomed. Not only was he concerned with his own
research but he encouraged others by starting initiatives and serving regularly
on existing bodies. In particular he was instrumental in founding the History
of Technology committee at the Institution of Electrical Engineers and was a
founder member of the Midland Wind & Water Mills Group. He served as a
Council Member of the Historical Metallurgy Society and the Newcomen
Society as well as being a Commissioner on Ancient Monuments for
When reviewing the total published output of Gordon
Tucker in chronological order it is possible to see how his interests in
industrial history developed. One of the areas of research that Gordon was
interested in originally was that of early electricity generation. In studying
this topic he was bound to come across Sir William Preece
who acted as a consultant engineer for many of the early power generation
schemes. This interest was magnified by the fact that Sir William Preece had also been the founder and leader of the Post
Office Engineers, the body that Gordon joined in 1931. It is just possible that
some of Gordon’s colleagues in 1931 had worked at the Post Office under Preece, if not, then no doubt there were many stories about
the ‘great man’. So it is no surprise that Gordon started to investigate this
‘hero’ of the Post Office. It was this interest in electricity generation
coupled with investigation of Sir William Preece’s role
that led him to the early hydro-electric generation installations, many of
which were reported on by Preece. Another activity of
Sir William Preece was to act as an Inspector for the
Board of Trade for light railways. It was through reading Preece’s
reports that Gordon became intrigued by the Lartigue traction
system and light railways in general. By coincidence Gordon’s research into Sir
William Preece also unearthed the story of his major
assistant, one Gisbert Kapp,
who went on to become the first Professor of Electrical Engineering at
Birmingham University, the post eventually held by Gordon himself.
However many of Gordon’s other interests developed
from his love of the border country of
A good illustration of Gordon’s inquisitiveness and
publication output can be gained from the visit that he made to
Lectures - Audio and Slides
Millstones Making where Gordon speaks on one of his earliest industrial archaeology research topics.
History of the Lartigue Monorail leading to Behr's Proposed Electric Express Railway Gordon's 1984 Newcomen Society lecture telling the story of how high speed train travel very nearly arrived in 1900, 60 years before it actually did.
Bibliography Layout
Unfortunately to publish this bibliography in
chronological order would not achieve the objective of making the information
readily accessible to today’s researcher. Therefore the material has been
sorted into three main groups, namely those articles published pertaining to
Gordon Tucker’s engineering and academic career, those publications concerning
industrial history, and a miscellaneous section.
Within each of these three groups the material has
been selected into a number of subject headings, each subject being further
split by the type of publication, i.e. books, articles, letters, etc. Within
these sections the bibliography has been listed chronologically. It will be
noted that the selections into Electronics, Telecommunications, Radio and Sonar
are rather arbitrary in some cases as there is a considerable overlap in these
subjects.
In the first group pertaining to Gordon’s professional
career the bibliography lists the basic details of each publication, whereas in
the group concerned with industrial history each bibliography entry has a summary
of the publications contents. The miscellaneous group again consists of a basic
listing of the various publications.
This technique will make clear and accessible the
volume of work on any one subject and enable the student of today to trace
easily those items that are of interest and hopefully prevent needless effort
in covering research already accomplished but should encourage further study
and publication on those topics that were dear to Gordon Tucker.
EDUCATION
Articles
The Department of Electrical Engineering
University of Birmingham Gazette, Vol
9 No 6. 1957.
Journal of the institution of Electrical Engineers, Vol l05, p601/2, 1958
Engineer Training at the Universities
Industrial Newsletter Vol 17,
p5, 1958.
Broader Education in a Technological Department
University Quarterly, p157, 1958.
The Presentation of Electrical Network Theory
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering Education, Vol 22, p1/17, June 1959.
Non-Linear Circuits: A Course for Undergraduates
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering Education, Vol 26, p1/11, June 1961.
Engineering in the University of Birmingham
University of Birmingham Gazette Vol
17, p76/8, 1964.
Liason between the
Electronics Industry and Universities
N.E.C Review, Vol 4, p38/9,
1968.
Research In Underwater
Acoustics and Sonar
University of Birmingham Gazette, Vol
22. p70/3, 1970.
(see also under Sonar)
Published Letters
Headmasters and University Engineering Courses
Universities Quarterly Vol 15,
p290/2, June 1961.
[Co-author:
J.T.Allanson.]
Coordination in Materials Research and Teaching
New Scientist Vol 422,
December 1964
ELECTRONICS
Books
Circuits with Periodically-Varying Parameters.
Published by MacDonald & Co (Publishers) Ltd., London,
175 pages, 1964.
Elementary Electrical Network Theory.
Published by Pergamon Press
Ltd., 169 pages, 1964.
Circuitos con Parametros Periodicamente Variables.
(Translation
of ‘Circuits with Periodically-Varying Parameters’).
Published by Ediciones URMO,
Bilbao, Spain. 176, pages, 1973.
Articles
A Selective Circuit and Frequency Meter using a Tuning
Fork.
Electronic Engineering, Vol 14,
p98/101, August 1942.
The Generation of Groups of Harmonics.
Electronic Engineering, Vol 14,
p232/7, November 1942.
The Synchronisation of
Oscillators (4 parts).
Electronic Engineering, Vol 15,
p412/7 March,April,June,July
1943.
The Operation of Valve Oscillators and their Synchronisation.
Post Office Electrical Engineers Journal Vol 185.
Insertion Loss of Filters.
Wireless Engineer , Vol 22, p62/71, February 1945.
Forced Oscillations in Oscillator Circuits and the Synchronisation of Oscillators.
Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, Vol 92, Pt 3, No.l9, p226/34, September 1945.
Transient Response of Filters (2 parts).
Wireless Engineer, Vol 23,
p23/90, February 1946.
Transient Response of Tuned-circuit Cascades.
Wireless Engineer, Vol 23,
p250/8, September 1946.
The Transient Response of a Tuned Circuit.
Electronic Engineer, Vol 18,
p379/81, December 1946.
A Square-law Circuit.
Journal of Scientific Instruments, Vol
24, October 1947.
[Co-author:
J.H.P.Draper, B.Sc.(Eng)]
The Constancy of Small Rectifiers.
Journal of Scientific Instruments and of Physics in
Industry, Vol 25, No 11, p369/71, November 1948.
[Co-author:
G.F.Machen, B.Sc.]
A Choke-coupled Phase-invertor of high Accuracy.
Electronic Engineering, Vol 23,
p64/5, February 1951.
[Co-author:
R.A.Seymour]
Two Notes on the Performance of Rectifier Modulators.
Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, Vol 99, Pt 3, p400/4, November 1952.
Non-Linearity in a Voltmeter using Cathode-follower &
Thermocouple.
Journal of Scientific Instruments, Vol
30, p11/13, January 1953.
The Use of Correlation Techniques in the Study of
Servomechanisms.
Journal of the British Institution of Radio Engineers,
Vol 15, No 10, p526, October 1955.
Detection of Pulse Signals in Noise: Trace-to-Trace
Correlation in Visual Displays.
Journal of the British Institution of Radio Engineers,
Vol 17, No 6. p319/29, June
1957.
Negative Feedback in Frequency Changers.
Electronic Technology, Vol 37,
No 3, p2/4, March 1960.
Rectifier Modulators.
Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers Vol 107, p167/9, March 1960.
Rectifier Modulators with Frequency-Selective
Terminations.
Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, Vol 107. Pt B, No 33, p261/72, May 1960.
[Co-author:
D.P.Howson, ,B.Sc.]
The Input Impedance of Rectifier Modulators.
Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, Vol 107, Pt 8, No 33, p273/84, May 1960.
Elimination of Even-order Modulation in Rectifier
Modulators.
Journal of the British Institution of Radio Engineers,
Vol 21, No 2, p161/7, February 1961
Constant-Resistance Modulators.
Journal of the British Institution of Radio Engineers,
Vol 21, No 6, p491/6, June 1961.
Rectifier Modulators, Effect of Stray Capacitance and
Tuning.
Electronic Technology, Vol 38,
No 12. p450/6, December 1961.
[Co-author:
J.A.Rickattson, M.Sc.]
Circuits with Time-Varying Parameters: Modulators,
Frequency-changers and Parametric amplifiers
Journal of the British Institution of Radio Engineers,
Vol 25, No 3, p263/71, March 1963.
Journal of the British Institution of Radio Engineers,
Vol 25, No 4, p289/90, April 1963.
Parametric Amplifiers: Static & Dynamic Inductance
& Capacitance & their Significance in the Non-linear & Time-varying
Approaches.
Journal of the British Institution of Radio Engineers,
Vol 25. No 4, p353/5. April 1963.
[Co-author:
F.J.Hyde, D.Sc.]
Rectification (Electricity).
The Encyclopaedic Dictionary
of Physics, Vol 6, p227, 1963.
Published by Pergamon Press
Ltd.
Rectifier, Electrical.
The Encyclopaedic Dictionary
of Physics, Vol 6, p228/31, 1963.
Published by Pergamon Press
Ltd.
Parametric Amplifiers & Converters with Pumped
Inductance & Capacitance.
The Radio & Electronic Engineer, Vol 27, No 6. p435/9, June 1964.
[Co-author:
K.L.Hughes, B.Sc.]
Highly-Efficient Generation of a Specified Harmonic or
Sub-harmonic by means of switches.
The Radio and Electronic Engineer; Vol
28, No 1, p25/32, July 1964.
The Generation of A.C. or a Specified Harmonic, using
D.C. Power and Switches with idealized Frequency-selective Circuits.
Journal of Electrical Engineering Education, Vol 3, p583/9, 1965.
Reciprocity in Parametric Circuits and Polyphase Modulation.
Proceedings of the Symposium on Network Theory, Cranfield. September 1965.
[Co-author:
D.P.Howson]
Zero Loss Second-order Ring Modulator.
Electronic Letters, Vol 1,
November 1965.
Reciprocity in Parametric Circuits.
Proceedings of NATO Adv. Study Inst
on Network & Signal Theory, p1/11, September 1972.
[Co-author:
D.P.Howson, D.Sc.]
Frequency-Changer Circuit with
a Single Ideal Switch, the Production of Even Order Products & Conditions
for Zero Loss.
International Journal of
Electrical Engineering Education, Vol 10, p189/94,
1972.
Book Reviews
Technics and Purpose, Parts I
- IV.
By A.Richardson,
E.Barker, H.A.Warren, &
M.Wingate.
Journal of the Institution of
Electrical Engineers, Vol
4, p273, 1958.
Sampled-Data Control Systems.
By E.I.Jury.
Proceedings of the Physical
Society 1959.
Introductory Electronics,
Principles of Electronics.
By Prof M.R.Gavin
& Dr.J.E.Houldin.
Nature, Vol
184, p751, 1959.
Published Letters
Resonant circuit with
periodically varying parameters.
Wireless Engineer Vol 29, p222/3, August 1952.
Detection of Pulse Signals in
Noise: Trace-to-Trace Correlation in Visual Displays.
Journal of the British
Institution of Radio Engineers, p705/6, 1957.
The Use of Power Series in
Network Responses.
Electronic & Radio
Engineer Vol 15, No 2, p74, February 1958.
Reducing Amplifier Distortion.
Electronic Technology, Vol 37, No 3, p131, March 1960.
Analogue Multipliers.
Electronic Technology, Vol 39, No 7, p285, July 1962.
RADIO
Books
Modulators and
Frequency-Changers for Amplitude Modulated Line and Radio Systems.
Published by MacDonald &
Co (Publishers) Ltd., London. 232 pages. 1953.
Articles
Bandwidth & Speed of
Build-up as Performance Criteria for Pulse and Television Amplifiers.
Journal of the Institution of
Electrical Engineers, Vol 94, Pt 3, No 29, p218/26,
1947.
Non-linear Regenerative
Circuits.
Wireless Engineer, Vol 24, p178/84, June 1947.
The Synchrodyne:
A New Type of Radio Receiver for A.M. Signals.
Electronic Engineering, Vol 19,1947.
The Synchrodyne,
Series 2: A New Type of Radio Receiver for A.M. Signals.
Electronic Engineering, Vols 19 & 20, November 1947 & February 1948.
[Co-author: J.Garlick, B.Sc.]
The Synchrodyne
Correspondence.
Electronic Engineering, Vol 19, p368/9 November 1947.
Some Aspects of the Design of
Balanced Rectifier Modulators for Precision Applications.
Journal of the Institution of
Electrical Engineers, Vol 95, Pt 3, No 35, pl6l/70,
May 1948.
The Effect of an Unwanted
Signal mixed with the Carrier Supply of Ring and Cowan Modulators.
Journal of the Institution of
Electrical Engineers, Vol 95, Pt 3, No 35, p173/6,
May 1948.
Discussion on Papers in Vol 96. Pt 3. No 35.
Journal of the Institution of
Electrical Engineers, Vol 96, Pt3, No 41, p215/20,
May 1949.
Rectifier Modulators with
Frequency-selective Terminations.
Journal of the Institution of
Electrical Engineers, Vol 96, Pt 3, No 43, p422/8,
September 1949.
Non-linear Inductance and
Capacitance as Modulators for A.M. Systems.
The Post Office Electrical
Engineers Journal Vol 42, p1/4, October 1949.
Frequency Changers and
Amplifiers with Constant Gain.
Proceedings of the Institution
of Radio Engineers, Vol 37. No 11, November 1949.
Non-linear Effects in
Rectifier Modulators.
Wireless Engineer, Vol 27, p66, February 1950.
[Co-author: E.Jeyes]
Balanced Rectifier Modulators
without Transformers.
Electronic Engineering, Vol 22, p139/41, April 1950.
The Synchrodyne
as a Precision Demodulator.
Wireless Engineer Vol 27, p227/36, September 1950.
[Co-author: R.A.Seymour]
Modulators, Frequency Changers
and Detectors using Rectifiers with Frequency-dependent Characteristics.
Journal of the Institution of
Electrical Engineers, Vol 98. Pt 3, No 55. p394/8, September 1951.
Linear Rectifiers and
Limiters: Effect on Complex Signals and Noise.
Wireless Engineer, Vol 29, p128/37, May 1952.
The Synchrodyne
and Coherent Detectors: Effect on Signal/Noise Ratios & Comparison with the
Linear Detector.
Wireless Engineer, Vol 29. p184/8, July 1952.
Detection of Pulse Signals in
Noise.
Wireless Engineer, Vol 30, p264/73, November 1953.
[Co-author: J.W.R.Griffiths, B.Sc.,
A.M.I.E.E.]
Intermodulation Distortion in
Rectifier Modulators.
Wireless Engineer, Vol 31, p145/52. June 1954.
Signal/Noise Performance of
Multiplier (or Correlation) & Addition (or Integrating) Types of Detector.
Monograph 120R published by
The Institution of Electrical Engineers, 10 pages, February 1955.
Unbalanced Effects in
Modulators.
Journal of the British
Institution of Radio Engineers, Vol 15, No 4,
p199/207, April 1955.
Discrimination of a
Synchronized Oscillator against Interference Tones and Noise.
Monograph 146R published by
The Institution of Electrical Engineers, 10 pages, August 1955.
[Co-author: G.G.Jamieson]
Coherent & Non-coherent
Demodulation of Envelope-modulated Signal with Particular Reference to the
Enhanced-carrier System.
Journal of the British
Institution of Radio Engineers, Vol 25, No 1, January
1963.
[Co-author: P.V.lndiresan. Ph.D.]
Published Letters
Single Sideband
Controlled-carrier System for Aircraft Communication.
Proceedings of the Institution
of Electrical Engineers, Vol 101, Pt 3, p399/400,
November 1954.
SONAR
Books
Applied Underwater Acoustics.
Published by Pergamon Press Ltd, 244 pages, 1966.
[Co-author: B.K.Gazey, Ph.D.]
Underwater Observations Using
Sonar.
Published by Fishing News
(Books) Limited, London, 144 pages, 1966.
Sonar in Fisheries: A Forward
Look.
Published by Fishing News
(Books) Limited, London, 136 pages, 1967.
Articles
On Improving the Detection of
Pulse Signals in Noise.
Journal of the Royal Navy
Scientific Service, Vol 7, No 5, p136/45, 1952.
[Co-author: J.W.R.Griffiths, B.Sc.,
A.M.I.E.E.]
Detection of Pulse-signals in
Noise by Intensity-modulated Visual Display: Theory in Terms of Just-noticeable
Differences.
Journal of the Royal Navy
Scientific Service. Vol 10, No 5 p241/9, 1955.
[Co-author: J.W.R.Griffiths]
Detection of Pulse Signals in
Noise: Theory of Intensity-modulated Display in Terms of Just-noticeable
Differences.
Wireless Engineer, Vol 32, p290/7, November 1955.
[Co-author: J.W.R.Griffiths, B.Sc.]
Some Aspects of the Design of
Acoustic & Electromagnetic Strip Arrays.
Journal of the Royal Navy
Scientific Service, Vol 11, No 1, p16/25,1956.
Underwater Echo-Ranging.
Journal of the British
Institute of Radio Engineers, Vol 16, No 5. p243/69, May 1956.
Some Aspects of the Design of
Strip Arrays.
Acoustica, Vol 6, p403/11, 1956.
Arrays with Constant Beam-Width over a Wide Frequency-Range
Nature, Vol
180. p496/7, September 1957.
The Randomization of
Combinations of Noise Sources by means of Delay Lines.
Acoustica, Vol 7, No 6, p399/402,
1957.
The Signal/Noise Performance
of Electro-Acoustic Strip Arrays.
Acoustica, Vol 8, No 1, p53/62, 1956.
Signal/Noise Performance of
Super-Directive Arrays.
Acoustica, Vol 8, No 2, p112/6, 1958.
Electronic Sector Scanning.
Journal of the British
Institution of Radio Engineers, Vol 18, No 8,
p465/84, August 1958.
[Co-authors: V.G.Welsby, Ph.D. & R.Kendall, M.Sc.]
Electronic Sector-Scanning
Arrays.
Journal of the Institute of
Navigation, Vol 12, No 2. p184/9,
April 1959.
Multiplicative Receiving
Arrays.
Journal of British Radio
Engineers, Vol 19. No 6. p369/82,
June 1959.
[Co-author: V.G.Welsby, Ph.D.]
Underwater Echo-Ranging with
Electronic Sector Scanning: Sea Trials on R.R.S.Discovery
II,
Journal of the British
Institution of Radio Engineers, Vol 19, No 11,
p681/96, November 1959.
[Co-authors: V.G.Welsby, PhD; L.Kay, BSc; M.J.Tucker, BSc; A.R.Stubbs,BSc; J.G.Henderson,BSc.]
Automatic Stabilization of
Underwater Acoustic Beams without Mechanical Motion of the Transducer.
International Hydrographical
Review, Vol 37, No 1, p69/78, January 1960.
[Co-author: J.G.Henderson]
Electronic Sector-Scanning
Asdic: An Improved Fish Locator and Navigational Instrument.
Nature, Vol
185, No 4709, p1/8, January 1960.
[Co-author: Dr.V.G.Welsby]
Some New Possibilities in
Civil Underwater Echo-Ranging.
Journal of the British Radio
Engineers, Vol 20. No 4, p299/311. April 1960.
Directional Echo Sounding:
Some Possible Improvements in Equipment & Technique.
International Hydrographical
Review, Vol 37, No 2, p43/53, July 1960.
Synchronous Demodulation of
Phase-reversing Binary Signals and the Effect of Limiting Action.
Institute of Radio Engineers,
Transactions of the Professional Group on Communications Systems, Vol CS-9, No 1, p77/82. March 1961.
Improved Directivity using
Synchronous Demodulation.
Acoustica, Vol 11, p45/9, 1961.
Space-Frequency Equivalence in
Directional Arrays with special reference to Superdirectivity
and Reciprocity.
Monograph 479E of the
Institution of Electrical Engineers, 7 pages, Nov 1961.
New Scientist, Vol 15,
p134/36,1961.
Ein Sonar-Gerät mit
Elektronischer Abtastung der Sektoren.
Bucherei der Funkortung, Vol 8, Teil III, p61/70, 1961.
[Co-author: V.G.Welsby]
Sonar Arrays, Systems, and Displays.
Underwater Acoustics, Lecture
2, p29/49. Published by Plenum Press Inc, 1962.
Sonar Systems.
Journal of the British
Institution of Radio Engineers, Vol 23, No 5, p329,
May 1962.
The Future of Non-military
Sonar, A Symposium discussion.
Symposium on Sonar Systems,
p415/23. July 1 962.
Report of a Symposium on Radio
and Electronics Research in Great Britain.
Proceedings of the British
Institution of Radio Engineers, Vol 1, No 3, p57/70,
January 1963.
Multiplicative Arrays in
Radio-Astronomy and Sonar Systems.
Journal of the British
Institution of Radio Engineers, Vol 25, No 2. p113/8, February 1963.
‘Sector Scanning’ May be the
Sonar of the Future.
World Fishing, September 1963.
[Co-author: V.G.Welsby]
New Scientist Vol 25, p365, 1964.
Sector-Scanning Sonar for Fisheries Purposes
Modern Fishing Gear of the
World Vol 2, p367/70, 1964.
[Co-author: V.G.Welsby]
Sea Frontiers, Vol 10, p241/51, September 1964.
Sonar.
Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Physics, Supplementary Vol 1, p1/4. 1964.
Sonar and Underwater
Acoustical Engineering.
Electronics & Power, Vol 11, p220/2, July 1965.
The Exploitation of
Non-linearity in Underwater Acoustics.
Journal of Sound Vibrations, Vol 2, No 4, p429/34, 1965.
The Spatial Correlation of
Reverberation, The Correlation due to Mutual Coupling
& their Implications for Digital Sonar.
Proceedings of NATO Symposium,
La Spezia, Italy p1/12, September 1967.
Superdirective Arrays: The use of decoupling between elements to ease design and increase bandwidth
The Radio and Electronic
Engineer, Vol 34, No 4, p251, October 1967.
The Effects of Inter-element
Coupling on Line Arrays on Signal-to-Noise Ratio and Beam Steering.
Journal of Sound Vibration, Vol 6, No 3, p315/23,1967.
Improved Near-field
Discrimination by the use of Multiplicative Signal Processing in C.T.F.M. Radar
or Sonar.
Electronic Letters, Vol 4, p245, 1968.
[Co-author: M.J.Withers]
Correlation due to
Inter-element Coupling in Line Arrays.
The Radio and Electronic
Engineer, Vol 36, No 2, p95/100, August 1968.
Near-field Effects in
Electronic Scanning Sonar.
Journal of Sound Vibrations,
Vol. 8, No 3, p355/63, 1968.
Sonar picks up stirrings in Loch Ness
New Scientist, p664/6,
December 1968.
[Co-author: Hugh Braithwaite]
A Review of Progress in
Underwater Acoustics.
The Radio and Electronic
Engineer, Vol 37, No 2, p69, February 1969.
Sonar - sharper Senses in the
Depths.
New Scientist p392/4, February
1969.
Design of Thinned Arrays using
the Array-excitation Autocorrelation Function.
Proceedings of the Institution
of Electrical Engineers, Vol 116, No 4, p521/2, April
1969.
Underwater Observation and
Communication
Underwater Science and
Technology Journal, p23/5, June 1969.
Distinguishing Automatically
the Echoes from Acoustically ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ Objects, with particular
reference to the Detection of Fish.
Journal of Sound Vibration, Vol 9, No 3, p393/7,1969.
[Co-author: N.J.Barnickle]
Research in Under Water
Acoustics and Sonar.
University of Birmingham
Gazette, Vol 22, p70/3, 1970.
Possibilities and Trends for
Future Development of Sonar for Fisheries.
F.A.O. Conference on Fish
Finding, Purse Seining, & Aimed Trawling, p1/1l, March 1970.
Sonar for Fisheries:
Possibilities and Trends for Future Development.
Underwater Science and
Technology Journal, p145/54, September 1970.
Some Sonar Observations in Loch Ness
Proceedings of the Challenger
Society, Vol 4, Part 2, November 1970.
[Co-author: D.J.Creasey]
Possibilities and Trends for
Future Development of Sonar.
Modern Fishing Gear of the
World, Vol 3, p130/7,1971.
Discussion: Sonar.
(Proceedings of F.A.O. Conference),
Modern Fishing Gear of the
World, Vol 3, p153/4,1971.
Underwater Acoustics: Report
of N.E.R.C. Working Group.
Published by Natural
Environment Research Council, Vol C, No 6, p1/32,
December 1971.
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th Edition, 1972.
Editorial
Electronic Engineering in
Ocean Technology.
The Radio and Electronic
Engineer, Vol 40. No 2. p57, August 1970.
Book Review
Ocean Acoustics.
By I.Tolstoy
& C.S.Clay.
Journal of Sounds &
Vibrations, Vol 6, p278/80, 1967.
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Articles
Constant Impedance Networks
for Line Equalisations.
Post Office Electrical
Engineers’ Journal, Vol 29, p302/8. January 1937.
The Provision of Music
Channels on 12-channel Carrier Cables.
Post Office Electrical
Engineers’ Journal, Vol 31, p280/5, January 1939.
Carrier Frequency Synchronisation.
Post Office Electrical
Engineers’ Journal, Vol 33, p75/81, July 1940.
Impedence Matching Networks tor Unloaded Cable.
Post Office Electrical
Engineers’ Journal, Vol 34, p187/9, January 1942.
Frequency Division without
Free Oscillation.
Post Office Electrical
Engineers’ Journal, Vol 35, p62, July 1942.
Pulse Distortion: The
Probability Distribution of Distortion Magnitudes due to Inter-channel
Interference in Multi-channel Pulse-transmission Systems.
Journal of the Institution of
Electrical Engineers, Vol 93, Pt 3, No 25, p323/34,
September 1946.
Highly-selective
Transmission-measuring Equipment for Communication Circuits.
Journal of the Institution of
Electrical Engineers, Vol 94, Pt II, No 39, p247/52,
February 1947.
Rectifier Resistance Laws:
Analysis of Non-linear Transmission Circuits.
Wireless Engineer Vol 25, p117/28, 1948.
A Two-phase Telecommunication
System.
Electronic Engineering, Vol 20, p150/92, 1948.
A Highly-selective
Transmission Measuring Equipment for 12-channel and 24-channel Carrier Systems.
The Post Office Electrical
Engineers’ Journal Vol 41, p1/4, October 1948.
[Co-author: J.Garlick,B.Sc.]
Polyphase Modulation as a Solution of Certain Filtration
Problems in Telecommunications.
Journal of the Institution of
Electrical Engineers, Vol 97, Pt 3, No 49, p349/58,
September 1950.
[CO-author: I.F.MacDiamid]
The Performance of Practical
Constant-resistance Modulators in relation to their use in F.D.M. Systems.
The Radio and Electronic
Engineer, Vol 31, No 5, p314/8, May 1966.
[Co-author. G Terreault,M.Sc.]
Second-order Ring Modulator
Calculations of Losses and some Design Considerations.
Proceedings of the institution
of Electrical Engineers, Vol 113, No 9, p1437/62,
September 1966.
Constant-resistance Modulators
with built-in Frequency Selectivity.
International Journal of
Electrical Engineering Education, Vol 5, p491/8,
1967.
Input Modulation (i.e. Interchannel Crosstalk) in Constant-resistance Modulators
for use in F.D.M. Systems.
Proceedings of the Institution
of Electrical Engineers, Vol 114, No 10, p1385/90,
October 1967.
The Radio and Electronic
Engineer, Vol 34, No 5, p277188, November 1967.
Loss due to Switch (or
Rectifier) Resistances in ‘Zero-loss’ Modulators or Harmonic Generators of any
order of Modulation.
Institution of Electrical
Engineers Conference Book, Vol 23, p255/65, January
1968.
Losses in a Lattice Switch
with Applications to Modulator Circuits.
International Journal of
Engineering Education, Vol 6, p491/7, 1969.
Van Der Graaf’s
Equivalent Circuits for Series and Shunt Modulators.
Electronic Letters, Vol 6, No 8, p238/40, April 1970.
[Co-author: D.P.Howson]
Telecommunications - is the
End of the Line in Sight?
Institute of Electrical
Engineers News, May 1971.
Published Letter
A Comparison of Two Radiometer
Circuits.
Proceedings of the Institute
of Radio Engineers, Vol 45, No 3, March 1957.
Book Reviews
Communications and Electronics
Buyers’ Guide: Who’s Who and Reference Book, 1958-9.
Edited by C.C.Gee.
Nature Reviews, Vol 568, 1958.
Telecommunications
By J.Brown
& E.V.D.Glazier
Engineering, November 1964.
Männer der Funktechnik.
By Sigfrid
von Weiher.
The Newcormen
Bulletin Vol 128, p18/9, 1984.
BIOGRAPHY
Booklet
Published by the University of
Birmingham, 36 pages, 1973.
This biography provides a brief summary of Kapp’s
childhood, marriage, and personal relationships. The main part of the booklet
describes Kapp’s creative period as an electrical
engineer working in
Articles
W.H.Preece:19th Century
Telegraph. Telephone and Power Station Engineer
Proceedings of the 2nd
I.E.E Weekend Meeting on the History of Electrical Engineering, July 1974.
An attempt is made to indicate the historical significance of W.H.Preece who dominated Post Office engineering throughout
the 1880s and 1890s. His other work assisting in the development of public
electric lighting systems and his private practice as a consultant engineer is
also described. His character as a man of immense energy and industry is
evaluated, as is his skill as a prolific writer and lecturer.
François van Rysselberghe: Pioneer of Long-Distance Telephony
Technology & Culture, Vol 19. p650/74, October 1978.
This short biography briefly describes van Rysselberghe’s
early career but then concentrates on the invention and development of his
system of simultaneous telephony and telegraphy and its rapid application in
Europe, as well as his remarkable experiments in the
Transactions of the Newcomen Society, Vol 53,
p119/38, 1982.
This biography of the Engineer-in-Chief to the Post Office from 1892 to
1899, twice President of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, and also
President of the Institution of Civil Engineers, covers seven areas of his
professional life. There is a brief note on his work on telegraphy; a brief
note or his work in telephone transmission; his involvement with the telephone
from 1877; an account of his investigation into the Edison Effect in 1855; his
work or wireless communication using a system not involving radiation of
electromagnetic waves; his connection with railway signalling,
etc., especially his involvement with the Lartigue
system for monorails; and a comparatively full account of his work as a
consulting engineer for electric lighting and generation projects.
Dictionary of Business
Biography, p558/61, 1985.
This biography of Gisbert Kapp
who was Professor of Electrical Engineering at Birmingham University from 1905
to 1919 covers his early life as a design engineer in industry; his work as a
consulting engineer in the 1890s for electricity supply schemes; and his career
in Germany as general secretary of the V.D.E. and teacher at the Berlin Technische Hochschule up to 1905.
His main contribution is seen as his development of the concept of the magnetic
circuit, and as a pioneer of sound design principles for electrical machinery.
Preece, Sir William Henry (1834-1913): Consulting Electrical
Engineer
Dictionary of Business
Biography, p766/9, 1986.
This entry concerns the life of Sir William Henry Preece
(1834 - 1913). Mention is made of his education and early career as an
electrical engineer with a variety of telegraph companies. On the nationalisation of telegraphs as part of the Post Office in
1870, he became a civil servant rising to the position of Engineer-in-Chief.
During this time he was responsible for the introduction of many new ideas and
inventions in the fields of telegraphs and telephony. At the same time he also
undertook private consultancies in a number of fields such as electric lighting
systems for towns and buildings, water supply, and sanitation. The biography
concludes by mentioning his presidencies of the Society of Telegraph Engineers
(later the Institution of Electrical Engineers) and the Institution of Civil
Engineers together with his election as a Fellow of the Royal Society.
A New Archive of Gisbert Kapp Papers with special
reference to his Autobiography
Proceedings of the 17th
I.E.E. Weekend Meeting on the History of Electrical Engineering, July 1989.
This paper describes the archive, held at Birmingham University, of Gisbert Kapp (1852 - 1922) a
pioneer of electrical engineering who was the first Professor of Electrical
Engineering at Birmingham University. The archive contains Gisbert
Kapp’s baptismal certificate, a large collection of
letters in English and German (the ones in German have not been translated),
and Kapp’s unfinished autobiography. Part of this
autobiography is reproduced. The first section concerning his family history,
his upbringing, and education in
Book Review
Sir William Preece, F.R.S: Victorian Engineer Extraordinary.
By E.C.Baker.
The Radio and Electronic
Engineer, Vo146, No 11, p572.1976.
THE
HISTORY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Booklets
Published by The University of
Birmingham. 36 pages, 1973.
(For summary see under BIOGRAPHY)
How Towns got Electric Light
and Tramways: A Case Study Gloucestershire and Neighbouring Towns
Published by The Science
Museum, 64 pages. 1978.
An account is given of how the five main towns of Gloucestershire came
to consider and decide how to set up an electricity supply undertaking. The
systems and plants eventually installed are recorded, as is the way that demand
expanded. The proposals for electric tramways are also examined and the
beginnings of the tramway undertakings are described. These developments are
examined against the background of developments in
Articles
The Beginnings of Electrical
Supply in Bristol, 1889-1902
Journal of the Bristol
Industrial Archaeology Society, Vol 5. p11/8, 1972.
The role of W.H.Preece as consulting engineer
to the Bristol Corporation is explored including his advice on the timing of
the start of the municipal electricity generation scheme. The building work,
machinery and plant required to provide both domestic and street lighting is
described followed by details of the early expansion at Temble
Bank and Avonbank. The efforts of the Corporation to
take over the local tramway company are detailed, which culminated in the
tramway company building its own generating station next to the municipal one
in order to operate electric trams.
W.H.Preece: 19th Century Telegraph, Telephone and Power Station
Engineer
Procedings of the Second I.E.E. Weekend Meeting on the History
of Electrical Engineering, July 1974.
(For summary see under BIOGRAPHY)
Proceedings of the Third
I.E.E. Weekend Meeting on the History of Electrical Engineering, July 1975.
[Co-author: Eleanor D.P.Symons]
Mr.Cousins trained as an electrical
engineer at the end of the 19th century. His reminiscences cover his
experiences with the public electricity supply at
Proceedings of the Third
I.E.E. Weekend Meeting on the History of Electrical Engineering, July 1975.
The Brain family provided the initiative and expertise for some
pioneering electrical developments, mainly at the Trafalgar Colliery in the
Electricity from Town Refuse
Three Quarters of a Century Ago
Electronics & Power, Vol 22, p16/20, January 1976.
The burning of refuse to provide steam for electricity generation at the
beginning of the 20th century is described. The basic requirements of such a
scheme are stated and some performance figures from actual stations are quoted.
Surprise is expressed that using refuse in this manner is now seen as a very
modern development when over 40 stations were built and operated during the
period described.
Refuse Destructors & their
use for Generating Electricity: A Century of Development
Industrial Archaeology Review,
Vol 2, No 1, p5/27, Autumn
1977.
The current interest in incinerating refuse is compared with the
popularity of incinerators or ‘destructors’ in the last quarter of the 19th
century. The necessary features of the early destructors are described and the
economics of examples at Oldham and
Electricity Generating Stations
for Public Supply in the West Midlands, 1888-1977
West Midland Studies, Vol 10, p8/28, 1977.
A survey of all the generating stations which have provided a public
electricity supply in the
Electricity from Town Refuse:
The St.Pancras Fiasco, 1893-1900
Proceedings of the Sixth
I.E.E. Weekend Meeting on the History of Electrical Engineering, p94/9, July
1978.
The planning and design of a combined refuse destructor and electricity
generating station at St,Pancras
in 1893/5 are described and compared with what happened in practice when the
station was operational. It is shown that the combined station never worked
because the refuse furnaces could not supply the necessary steam for generation
(nor could they cope with the amount of refuse supplied). These problems are
shown to be compounded because the local authority ignored all professional
advice, relying instead on their own judgement or
that of their employees.
Chapter 46: Electronic
Engineering. Vol 7. p1091/1125,
1978.
Edited by T.I.Williams,
Published by Oxford University Press.
[Co-author: J.R.Tillman]
This chapter of the History of Technology concentrates on the history of
the fundamental devices, circuits and basic systems of electronic engineering.
Starting with the invention of the thermionic valve, the development of diodes,
triodes, and pentodes is traced in circuits used for rectification,
amplification, and oscillation generation. Other devices such as photoelectric
cells, cathode ray tubes, and microwave devices are covered, as is circuit and
system theory. The latter half of the chapter is devoted to solid state devices
such as rectifiers and transistors, without forgetting the passive devices
namely resistors, capacitors, inductors and transformers.
Crabtree: A Pioneer of
Business Management
Business History, Vol 21, No 2, p198/212, July 1979.
[Co-author: A.L.Minkes]
In the few years prior to his death in 1935 Mr
Crabtree made an effort to write a book concerning the building and management
of a business based on his practical knowledge. This paper provides a running
commentary on this manuscript which gives a portrait of an entrepreneurial
character as well as some simple but often forgotten fundamental points in
business management. The four main areas covered are the problems of the
inception of a business; the phasing of the problems of growth; the response to
increasing size and complexity; and the strategy and control necessary in a
small to medium size manufacturing business. Mr.Crabtree’s
down to earth approach makes many of today’s management consultants and gurus
appear superfluous.
The History of Electrical
Engineering: Industrial Archaeology and the I.E.E.
Proceedings of the Institution
of Electrical Engineers, Vol 126, No 9, p861/2,
September 1979.
This editorial was produced for a special edition of the Control &
Science Record of the I.E.E. It mentions the archives available that concern
the history of Electrical Engineering and stresses the differing approaches
taken in the U.S.A. to that in this country. It concludes by stating that the
aim of this special record of historical contributions of electrical engineers
is for the enjoyment of the general membership of the IEE.
Rural Electrification: The
Pioneering Scheme of the Hereford Corporation (1918-1928)
Transactions of the Newcomen Society, Vol 51,
p111/28, 1979-80.
At the end of first World War,
History of Technology, Vol 7, p77/87, 1982.
This article comprises an abridgement of two chapters about the role of
research, in what was intended to be a comprehensive textbook on business
management, prepared in 1930. Its author was J.A.Crabtree,
who founded an electrical manufacturing company in 1919, which was successful
and expanded to about 1000 employees (it was still in existence in 1982). The
extract covers Crabtree’s views on the principles of research and the
essentials of research policy. These ideas are even more valid in today’s
competitive marketplaces.
Sir William Preece (1834-1913)
Transactions of the Newcomen Society, Vol 53,
p119/38, 1982.
(For summary see under BIOGRAPHY)
The Generation of Electricity
from Refuse: An Historical Introduction
Proceedings of the Eleventh
I.E.E. Weekend meeting on the History of Electrical Engineering. p1/4, 1983.
This short paper is an introduction to the use of incinerators, or
destructors, to burn urban rubbish in the last quarter of the 19th century and
the application of the heat produced to generate electricity.
Dictionary of Business
Biography, p558/61,1985.
(For summary see under BIOGRAPHY)
Preece, Sir William Henry (1834-1913): Consulting Electrical
Engineer
Dictionary of Business
Biography, p766/9, 1986.
(For summary see under BIOGRAPHY)
A New Archive of Gisbert Kapp Papers with Special
Reference to his Autobiography
Proceedings of the Seventeenth
I.E.E. Weekend Meeting on the History of Electrical Engineering, July 1989.
(For summary see under BIOGRAPHY)
Conference Report
The Swan Centenary IEE
Colloquium ‘Lamps & Lighting: Past, Present and Future.’
The Newcomen
Bulletin, Vol 113, p9, April 1979.
This report covers the lectures given on lighting technology from the
discoveries of Swan and Edison up to modern times.
Book Reviews
Sir William Preece, F.R.S.: Victorian Engineer Extraordinary.
By E.C.Baker.
The Radio and Electronic
Engineer, Vol 46, No II, p572, 1976.
(See also under BIOGRAPHY)
Lucas: The First 100 years,
Volume I The King of the Road.
By Harold Nockolds.
Electronics & Power, Vol 23, p71, January 1977.
(See also under ROAD TRANSPORT)
The Siemens Company: Its
Historical Role in the Progress of Electrical Engineering.
By Sigfrid
von Weiher.
Newcomen Bulletin, Vol 110, p10,
March 1978.
Electricity before Nationalisation: A Study of the Development of the
Electricity Supply Industry.
By Leslie Hannah.
Technology and Culture, Vol 21, p254/7,1980.
Electricity in Bristol.
By P.G.Lamb.
Bristol Industrial Archaelogical Society Journal, Vol
14, p37, 1981.
Männer der Funktechnik.
By Sigfrid
von Weiher.
The Newcomer Bulletin, Vol 128, p18/9,1984.
EXTRACTIVE
INDUSTRIES
Booklet
Published by The Ayrshire
Archaeological & Natural History Society, 47 Pages, 1983.
The general use of hone and whetstones is considered and the widespread
export of this type of product is illustrated by
tabulated data from the 1839 Customs Books. Also the various sources of hone
stones are compared through contemporary reports with some notes concerning the
locations of quarries in
Articles
The Lead Industry in Britain
and its Visible Remains
Alta, Vol
11, p268/77, 1970.
This general article provides a potted history of the lead industry from
Roman times through to the Industrial Revolution in such places as the North Pennines, Derbyshire,
The Slate Quarries of Easdale, Argyllshire, Scotland
Post-Medieval Archaeology, Vol 10, p118,30, 1976.
The location of the slate industry on the west coast of
The Slate Islands of Scotland:
The History of the Scottish Slate Industry
Business History, Vol 19, No 1. p18/36, January
1977.
The commercial history of the slate industry in Scotland is considered
from is inception in 1745, through its growth and
success during the 18th century, its fluctuating fortunes during the 19th
century, and its decline and eventual demise due to natural disasters and
market forces in the early 20th century. The main information concerns the
The Slate Industry of Pembrokeshire and its Borders
Industrial Archaeology Review,
Vol 3, No 3, p203/27, Summer
1979.
[Co-author: Mary Tucker]
The slate Industry in south-west
The Old Slate Industry of Pembrokeshire and Other Parts of South Wales
The National Library of Wales
Journal, Nol 23, p141/74, 1983.
[Co-author: Mary Tucker]
The slate industry of south-west
HYDRO-ELECTRICITY
Articles
The Hydro-Electric Power
Station for the Greenside Lead Mine Westmorland, c 1890
Proceedings of the 1st
I.E.E. Weekend Meeting on the History of Electrical Engineering, p7.l/7.8. July
1973.
This remarkable hydro-electric system was installed only 10 years after
the first-ever hydro-electric system at Cragside,
Northumberland. Details are provided about the 100 H.P. Vortex turbine by
Gilbert Gilkes & Co. Ltd. together with the
additional 100 H.P. Pelton wheel added in 1908 and the
300 H.P. Pelton wheel that replaced the Vortex
turbine in 1911. The type of cable used and the motors for winding and pumping
are described, as is the electric locomotive that worked in the mine for nearly
40 years. Information on the regulation of the turbines and the costs and
manning arrangements are provided briefly but the arrangement of the water
supply is covered in greater depth.
Half a Century of
Hydro-Electricity at Monmouth: The Early Days of Electricity Supply
Journal of the Monmouthshire Local History Council, Vol
37, p27/38, Spring 1974.
This article is based on reports published originally in The Electrial Engineer and The Electrician and on the memories
of two former workers at the plant. The original proposals for a combined
electricity supply and sewerage pumping station are described and details of
the various tenders and modifications to the scheme are outlined. The
criticisms caused by the delays in construction coupled with financial problems
of the council in funding the project are explained. After completion of the
project, some 10 years after first being proposed, some of the operating
difficulties and production costs are highlighted and the generating plant and
distribution system is described. Further additions to the generating station
and some of its later history are also mentioned.
Hydro-Electricity for Public
Supply in Britain, 1881-1894
Proceedings of the Institution
of Electrical Engineers, Vol 123, No 10, p1026/34,
October 1976.
The general background to the introduction of electric generating
stations, especially water powered stations, is outlined with some comparison
to practice in the U.S.A. The first 8 hydro-electric stations for public supply
in Britain are identified and descriptions of the generating plant, distribution,
and performance of the various schemes are given. The station at Worcester. built at Powick on the River Teme in 1894, is covered in greater detail, being the
largest and most successful of the eight stations involved. Information is
provided on the initial requirements, the various tenders, and the financial
estimates. A technical description of the turbines and alternators of the plant
is provided with some data concerning the early operating experiences. The
inadequacy of the water power and the criticisms of the scheme are highlighted
as well as the effect of the electrification of tramways in
Hydro-Electricity for Public
Supply in Britain, 1881-1894
Industrial Archaeology Review,
Vol 1, No 2, p126/63, Spring
1977.
Although most of the early public electric generating stations were
driven by steam engines the first eight schemes powered by water are described
culminating in the 400kw station at
The Early Years of
Hydro-electricity for Public Supply in Devon
The Devon Historian, Vol 15, p21/32, October 1977.
Three schemes for generating hydro-electric power are described. The
first at Okehampton where an existing water powered
sawmill was converted in 1889 to provide electricity, which remained in use
until 1937. The second scheme is the Lynmouth station
of 1890 which was purpose built supplying up to 440Kw, with a pumped storage
system to provide for peak load times. This system only went out of use due to
the floods of 1952. The third system was at Chagford
in 1891 where a woollen mill was converted to
generate electricity from the waterwheel, later being replaced by a turbine,
which was still operative at the publication date. Three abortive systems, at
Nineteenth Century
Hydro-electric Railways in the U.K.
Journal of the Railway and
Canal Historical Society, Vol 24, p16/21, 1978.
Attention is drawn to five electric railways in the
From Mill to Megawatt: The
First Half-century of Hydro-electricity
Wind and Water Mills, Vol 8, p26/43, 1988.
The early history of hydro-electric installations in Britain during the
1880s and 90s is described and tables are provided of those schemes for public
supply, for industry, and for private houses and estates built during this
period. Greater detail is given of the schemes in the Midlands at Wickwar, Fladbury, Blockley and Worcester and of the abortive schemes
including
Tidal Power: From Tidemill to Severn Barrage
Wind and Water Mills, Vol 9, p15/39, 1989.
The power available from the tides is set against the distinct
disadvantages inherent in tidal power. The history of tidal power is mentioned
briefly and the early proposals for electricity generation in relation to the
Severn Estuary in the 1880s are discussed. The later proposals to utilise the Severn Estuary after 1920 are compared with
proposals to use tidal power in other estuaries elsewhere. The proposal for the
Severn Barrage in the 1980s is described as is the Energy Paper 46 of 1981.
Further discussion is provided concerning the constructional methods to be used
and the environmental factors that had to be considered. The Appendices
describe the inter-war proposal of 1933 including a high-level pumped storage
facility in the Angidy valley not far from Tintern, the low-level pumped storage proposal of 1970, and
the C.E.G.B. continuous-generation scheme of 1973-4.
ICELAND
Articles
The History of Industries
& Crafts in Iceland
Industrial Archaeology, Vol 9, p5/27, 1972.
The development path of industry in Iceland is outlined and some details
of the source materials available are mentioned. Brief details of the major
industries such as fishing, agriculture, metal working, textiles and rope
making, food containers, buildings, boat building, transport, printing, power
generation, and electrical communications are given.
The Stockfish
Industry in Iceland: Living Industrial Archaeology
Industrial Archaeology, Vol 9, p172/6, 1972.
The process of producing stockfish by air
drying is described together with its origins in the middle ages when there was
considerable trade with
Windmills & Watermills in
Iceland
Industrial Archaeology, Vol 9, p278/84, 1972.
The discovery of five pictures in the museums of
Industrial Railway Record, Vol 4, No 42, p216/9, April 1972.
The proposals for a railway from
Industrial Railway Record, No
77, p250/2, June 1978.
A map of the 90cm gauge, 12km long, railway built in 1913 to construct
the harbour in
INLAND
NAVIGATION
Articles
The Wye Tour, The Paul Pry, and Steam on the Wye.
Severn & Wye Review, Vol 1, No 3, p71/2, Spring 1971,
(For summary see under STEAM)
Fireless Steam Tugboats for
Canal Tunnels.
Journal of the Railway and
Canal Historical Society, Vol 26, p81/5, November
1980.
(For summary see under STEAM)
The Royal Commission on London
Traffic 1903-5: The Proposed North Metropolitan and Regent’s Canal Monorail.
Journal of the Railway and
Canal Historical Society. Vol 28, p197/202, 1985.
(For summary see under RAILWAYS)
METALS
Articles
The Lead Industry in Britain
and its Visible Remains.
Alta, Vol
11, p268/77,1970.
(For summary see under EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES)
Power at Lower Redbrook on Wye in the Early 19th Century.
Journal of the Gloucester
Society for lndustrial Archaeology p59/66,1971.
(For summary see under MILLS)
The Wireworks at Tintern and Whitebrook
Proceedings of the Historical
Metallurgy Group, 8th annual conference, Cardiff p1/16, September 1972.
The mills and ponds at Tintern and in the Angidy valley are identified and located on a map. The early
history of the 16th century wireworks is discussed, as well as the technology
of wire making at that time. Further detail is provided about the later use of
the mills in the 18th & 19th centuries. The current remains of these
industries are described and the article concludes with details of the Whitebook wireworks which was a subsidary
of the Tintern concerns. Detailed maps of the various
sites are included.
Fumes, Flues, Condensers, and
Chimneys in Lead Smelting
Bulletin of the Historical
Metallurgy Group, Vol 6, No 2. p1/6,
1972.
The methods of condensing the fumes from lead smelting are discussed in
relation to Percy’s treatise of 1870, and the wide variety of arrangements used
in practice is illustrated by examples from remains of English smelting mills.
Questions are posed regarding the reasons for this variety.
The Wireworks Tramway and
Bridge at Tintern.
Severn & Wye Review, Vol 2, p53/5, Winter 1972/3.
[Co-author: H.W.Paar]
(For summary see under RAILWAYS)
The Seventeenth Century
Wireworks Sites at Whitebrook, Monmouthshire
Bulletin of the Historical
Metallurgy Group, Vol 7, No 1, p28/35, 1973.
Although the existence of wireworks at Whitebrook
is beyond doubt, their exact location is uncertain. Evidence from contemporary
documents and maps is examined alongside the remaining field evidence still
available. The conclusion that up to five sites were once used for wire making
is reached with some indication of their likely locations.
The Old Wireworks and
Ironworks of the Angidy Valley at Tintern,
Gwent
Journal of the Historical
Metallurgy Society, Vol 9, No 1, p1/14, 1975.
[Co-author: H.W.Paar]
The early history of iron and wire making at Tintern
from its inception in 1566 is covered briefly. As information has already been
published on the 16th and 17th centuries the article focusses on the 18th and
19th centuries. The layout of various sites in the valley are described and
detailed plans based on an 1821 map are published. Descriptions of the
industrial archaeology to be found including remains of blast furnaces, iron
works, forges, and wireworks are given. Appendix 1 gives the names of all the
various lessees of the iron works from 1566 until their close in 1901. Appendix
2 gives details at the schedule of machinery, etc., present at 14 different
sites in the valley in 1821.
The Technology of Wire Making
at Tintern, Gwent, 1566-cl880
Journal of the Historical
Metallurgy Society, Vol 11, p15/24, 1977.
[Co-author: H .W.Paar]
The sparse and fragmentary evidence concerning the technology in use at
various times for making wire at Tintern is examined
and related to known developments elsewhere. The processes used at Tintern are speculated upon, not just that of wire drawing,
but the associated processes of watering, scouring and annealing. Also details
of the productivity of the works in the 17th century are given.
The Beginning of the Wireworks
at Whitebrook, Gwent, in the early 17th
Century
Journal of the Historical
Metallurgy Society Vol 12, p102/3, 1978.
This article concerns the finding of the original lease of land at Whitebrook to the Society of Mineral and Battery Works
based at Tintern. This lease clearly gives the
beginning of occupation of the land at Whitebrook as
1606, and the author is able to interpret the lease to determine the boundaries
of the wireworks land and identify the location of the work houses.
Journal of the Historical
Metallurgy Society, Vol 15, p94/100, 1981.
[Co-author: Peter Wakelin]
This article discusses two documents discovered in the National Library
of Wales, one is a diary of a journey through the Wye Valley and parts of Monmouthshire in 1782, and the other is a printed book of
1775 interleaved with manuscript descriptions. Contemporary descriptions are
given of the operation of the copper works at Redbrook
with details of making cannon, crushing iron slag, and the replacement of
bellows by blowing cylinders at Tintern. This is
followed by details of the reverberatory furnaces,
slitting mills, and the winning of iron ore by hydraulic means at
MILLS
Booklets
Watermills of the Monnow &
Trothy & their Tributaries
Published by Monmouth District
Museum Service, 60 pages, 1978.
[Co-author: S.D.Coates]
The Monnow and the Trothy are tributaries of
the River Wye which both join that river just below the town of
Watermills of the Middle Wye
Valley
Published by Monmouth District
Museum Service, 71 pages, 1983.
[Co-author: S.D.Coates]
The area under consideration is effectively the catchment area of the
River Wye between Monmouth and Hay-on-Wye with the exception of the rivers Lugg and Frome. Basic information
concerning 152 sites is presented in the form of a gazetteer. The mills
described are mainly corn mills although there are ten sites where waterwheel
driven pumps were situated and there is a special chapter devoted to the
various forges and other iron working sites within the specified area. The
final chapter discusses the puzzling case of Ruardean
Mill that once had a small water engine to pump back water after it had been
used by the waterwheel for further use, various possible sites for the location
of this mill are examined but no definite conclusion is reached.
Melin, Journal of the Welsh Mills Group, Vol 5, p1/77, 1989.
The watermills in Radnorshire are to be found
mainly on the banks of the River Wye and its tributaries upstream of
Hay-on-Wye. Those mills to be found on the head waters of other rivers are
excluded. Most of the mills described were corn mills although there were
numerous ‘pandy’ or fulling
mills in the eighteenth century and a few woollen and
leather mills, together with one hydro-electric station. The information
presented on each mill site in the gazetteer consists of the Ordnance Survey
reference, parish name, and river or stream used; this is followed by some
historical information based on tithe maps and apportionments, with other early
large scale mapping of Radnorshire. In total 113
mills and their remains, all of which were visited, are described. There are
plans and sections of tour of the mills and over 30 photographs.
Some Watermills of South-West Shropshire
Published by Midland Wind and
Water Mills Group, 92 Pages, 1991.
This booklet deals with those watermill sites to be found on the River Teme and its tribrutaries
upstream of Ludlow, but including those in the town itself. The main tribrutaries that are covered are the Rivers Clun, Onny and Corve. Although most of
the mills were corn mills some sites were used for iron furnaces and forges, as
well as the occasional woollen and paper mill. The
information presented on each mill site in the gazetteer consists of an
Ordnance Survey reference, parish name, and other location details. This is
followed by historical information about the site based on the tithe maps and
apportionments and other large scale maps such as Isaac Taylor’s map of
Articles
The Embanked Ponds of the Penallt-Whitebrook-Redbrook Area and their Industrial Uses
Severn & Wye Review, Vol I, No 3, p51/8, Sping 1971.
The site of 35 ponds in the area of Penallt, Whitebrook, and Redbrook are identified.
The history of the use of the ponds is described covering early wireworks and
later paper mills as well as copper works, tinplate works and humble corn
mills. A map and table are provided giving the Ordnance Survey Grid Reference
for all 35 ponds together with their uses and current condition.
Power at Lower Redbrook on Wye in the Early 19th Century
Journal of the Gloucester
Society for lndustrial Archaeology, p59/66, 1971.
The leat from the Upper Redbrook
to the tinplate works on the Lower Redbrook is
described, Issue is taken with Dr.Hart, the author of
a recently published book on the Industry of the
Mills, Ponds, and other
Industrial Sites in the Llandogo and Tintem Parva Area
Severn & Wye Review Vol 1, No 6, p123/5, Winter 1971/2.
The parishes of Llandogo and Tintern Parva are shown to have
had very little industry, as only eight dammed ponds were found in the area,
unlike the heavily industrialised areas directly
north and south of the parishes. The eight ponds, and the remnants of six
mills, are listed and their remains described. A map showing their locations is
included.
Windmills & Watermills in
Iceland.
Industrial Archaeology, Vol 9, p278/84, 1972.
(For summary see under
The Paper Mills of Whitebrook, Monmouthshire
Archaeologia Cambrensis, Vol 121, p80/96, 1972-3.
There were five or six paper mills established on the Whitebrook in Monmouthshire
between 1760 and the 1880s. The various sites are identified and described and
the probable course of development outlined. The Appendix consists of a
chronological summary of all the evidence regarding the history of these paper
mills.
The Seventeenth Century
Wireworks Sites at Whitebrook, Monmouthshire
Bulletin of the Historical
Metallurgy Group, Vol 5, No 1, p28/35, 1973.
(For summary see under METALS)
The First Paper Mill in Wales?
Perthir Mill on the River Monnow
The Monmouthshire
Antiquary Vol 3, p155/8, 1972-3.
The first paper mill in
The Old Wireworks and
Ironworks of the Angidy Valley at Tintern,
Gwent.
Journal of the Historical Metallurgy
Society, Vol 9 No 1, p1/14, 1975.
[Co-author: H.W.Paar]
(For summary see under METALS)
Mills of the Monnow and Troddi Basins
Journal of the Bristol
Industrial Archaeology society, p29/32, 1975.
[Co-author: S.D.Coates]
The two small rivers, Monnow and Troddi, flow
into the River Wye just below Monmouth. The types of mills on these rivers are
described and the sources of information are given. A map is provided showing
the position of 60 mills on these two rivers and the details of the thirteen
most interesting mills are outlined.
The Technology of Wire Making
at Tintern, Gwent. 1566-cl880
Journal of the Historical
Metallurgy Society, Vol 11, pl5/24, 1977.
[Co-author: H.W.Paar]
(For summary see under METALS)
The Beginning of the Wireworks
at Whitebrook, Gwent, in the early 17th
Century.
Journal of the Historical
Metallurgy Society, Vol 12, p102/3, 1978.
(For summary see under METALS)
Wind and Water Mills, Vol 1, p30/44, 1980.
[Co-author: J.Briggs]
The full article written by H.E.S.Simmons in
1945 after personally visiting the mills is published for the first time. The Belne Brook rises in the south-east side of theClent Hills in north-east Worcestershire and joins the
River Stour between Kidderminster and Stourport. The mills on its length were engaged mainly in
scythe making and worked into the 1950s. To the historical information provided
by Simmons the authors have added details of the Ordnance Survey reference of
each site, notes concerning the current condition of the sites, and diagrams of
the watercourse and pond arrangements. In addition the details of three sites
missed by Simmons in 1945 are provided.
Uncertain Future for Stoke
Prior Mill, near Bromsgrove
Midland Wind and Water Mills
Group Newsletter, No 7, p8/9, Autumn 1980.
This report concerns the deadlock between the Stoke Prior parish council
and Clement Displays Ltd. the owners of Stoke Prior Mill, concerning the future
of the mill. The conclusion given is that the mill is not historically or
technologically important, consequently the mill does not need to be preserved.
Midland Wind and Water Mills
Group Newsletter, No 7, p9, Autumn 1980.
This report concerns the deadlock between Bromsgrove District Council
and the owners of Townsend Mill in Bromsgrove. There
is a proposal to rescue the mill by transporting and re-erecting it on another
site for its preservation but the council continue to delay making any
decision.
Midland Wind and Water Mills
Group Newsletter, No 8, p9/10, Spring 1981.
This note outlines the scale of the H.E.S.Simmons
Mill Archive in the Science Museum, consisting of 240 files of notes, various
maps and over 2000 photographs. The note cites the number of mills covered in
the counties of Worcestershire, Warwickshire, and Staffordshire. It also lists
those mills from these counties that have photographs in the archive.
Metallurgy in the Wye Valley
and South Wales in the late 18th Century: New Information about Redbrook, Tintern, Pontypool, and Melingriffith.
Joumal of the Historical Metallurgy Society, Vol 15, p94/100, 1981.
[Co-author: Peter Wakelin]
(For summary see under METALS)
Watermills of the River Salwarpe and its Tributaries: Part 2. The System outside
Bromsgrove
Wind and Water Mills, Vol 3, p2/18. 1982.
From the boundary of the parish of Bromsgrove the River Salwarpe runs south-west to join the River Severn.
Descriptions are given, in the form of a gazetteer, of 24 watermill sites on
the River Salwarpe and its tribrutaries
together with their Ordnance Survey references. The history of each site is
also described being based on evidence from maps, the Tithe Awards of 1840, and
the researches of H.E.S.Simmons into old newspapers
and magazines. Details are provided concerning the individual mill watercourses
and the overall river management.
Wind and Water Mills, Vol 4, p5/20, 1983.
[Co-author: H.W.Gwilliam]
The nine watermill sites between
Wind and Water Mills,VoI6, p11/21, 1985.
The various sites where waterpower has been used on the headwater
streams of the River Stour above the confluence with
the Smestow Brook are identified and were located on
the ground. The principle waterpowered industries of
the area were iron making and refining, wire making, and edge tool making. A
gazetteer is provided giving historical information about each site together
with details of the current state of the sites. All the sites are identified by
Ordnance Survey references and some contemporary large scale plans of some of
the sites are reproduced.
The Mills of the Lugg Valley in Radnorshire
Melin, Journal of the Welsh Mills Group, Vol 1, p48/66, 1985.
On that part of the River Lugg in Radnorshire, 21 waterpowered
sites are identified in and around the town of
Mills of the Upper Arrow Valley
in and near Kington, Herefordshire
Wind and Water Mills, Vol 7, p24/37, 1986.
The River Arrow rises in the hills of
Pierre-Theophile
Berton and his Windmill Sails
Wind & Water Mills, Vol 14, p48/56, 1995.
[Original author: Christian Cussonneau;
Co-translator Alan Gifford]
This article was originally published by the Association des Amis des Moulins de l’Anjou in French in
1987. It concerns the unique patent method providing automatic control of windmill
sails using boards that lie parallel to stocks and the trials and tribulations
of Berton in marketing this invention. The first
rough translation was provided by Gordon Tucker and further improved by Alan
Gifford. It was published posthumously after the death of Gordon Tucker.
Book Reviews
Some Recent Books on Mills.
Midland Wind and Water Mills
Group Newsletter; No 7, p6/7, Autumn 1980.
The Mills of Medieval England
By Richard Holt
Midland Wind and Water Mills
Group Newsletter; No 32, p12/3, 1988.
MILLSTONES
Articles
Millstone Making at Penallt, Monmouthshire
Industrial Archaeology, Vol 8, p229/39, 1971.
Field investigations show that there were five quarries in the parish of
Penallt that produced both millstones for grinding
corn, and runner stones for crushing apples for cider, which were made from the
local conglomerate rock. Various examples are described of abandoned,
part-worked stones that were found and the scale of the industry is estimated
from entries in the parish register. It is concluded that the industry ended in
the late 19th century.
Millstone Making in
Gloucestershire: Wm.Gardner’s Gloucester Millstone
Manufactory
Journal of the Gloucester
Society for lndustrial Archaeo/ogy, p6/16, 1973.
Two different kinds of millstone makers in Gloucestershire are studied.
William Gardner developed from a maker of French burr stones, through mill
machinery, to a general engineering company. Whereas Hudsons
of Penallt were independent rural craftsmen specialising in monolithic Welsh stones that they sold to
mills or other merchants such as
Millstones, Quarries, and
Millstone-makers
Post-Medieval Archaeology, Vol 11, p1/21, 1977.
The various types of millstones (monolithic and fabricated,
face-grinders and edge-runners) are discussed, together with sizes and shapes,
manufacture, dressing, criteria of quality, etc. A list of known millstone
quarry areas and individual quarries is given, with references to historical
sources. Tables are presented giving the names, addresses, and dates of about
70 British firms which manufactured French-burr millstones in the 19th and
early 20th centuries, together with a note of some of the location of
surviving, identified examples of their work. This article is accompanied by 14
photographs.
Wind and Water Mills, Vol 1, p16/23,1980.
The positions of three small millstone quarries on
S.P.A.B. Wind & Water
Mills Section Newsletter, Vol 5, October 1980.
This is an exhortation to members to record millstones, their type,
size, manufacture, origin, date, and any other salient facts. It describes how
to tell the three most common types of millstones used in this country and the
state of research on this topic to date.
Millstone making in France:
When Épernon produced Millstones
Wind and Water Mills, Vol 3, p32/5, 1982.
This is a translation of an article published by the Fédération Française
des Amis des Moulins in 1980. It concerns the
quarrying of millstones in Épernon near Chartres,
west of Paris, and their involvement in the Société Génerale Meulière based at La Ferté
sous Jouarre, east of Paris. Some details of the
working conditions in the quarries is given and also the events from 1939 to
the quarries’ closure in 1958 are retold from aural evidence.
Millstones North and South of
the Scottish Border
Industrial Archaeology Review,
Vol 6. No 3, p186/93, 1982.
The considerable differences in the practices of millstone making in
Scotland and England and Wales are discussed with
concentration on the segmentation of French burr stones and the use in Scotland
of centre-pieces of indigenous rock. Also discussed
are the monolithic and segmented millstones made from indigenous rock, with
particular reference to Kaim Hill stones quarried in
Ayrshire. Numerous examples of segmented millstones are reproduced in drawings.
The Dressing of Millstones:
English Practice as described by Bryan Corcoran in 1882
Wind and Water Mills, Vol 5, p24/6, 1984.
This article reproduces part of a paper read by Mr.Bryan
Corcoran in 1880 entitled ‘Modern Milling’. Some information is provided
concerning Mr.Corcoran’s background and his family’s
involvement in millstone making for over 100 years. Details provided cover the
shape of the eye of the runner stone and the swallow present towards the centre of the runner stone. There are also details about
the cutting of the furrows and the drift or eccentricity of the furrows. Of
much importance is the information that removes any confusion about the
direction of rotation of a millstone with respect to its dressing.
Proceedings of the Society for
Antiquities of Scotland, Vol 114, p439/556, 1984.
The two types of Scottish millstones are discussed. The making of
segmented millstones from French burr stones in urban manufacturies
are described and a table of all known manufacturers is given. The rural
manufacture of millstones made from indigenous rock is also described with a
table of 25 known sites of millstone quarries. The known historical information
and details of existing remains is given for each of these quarries, although
only Kaim Hill and Abbey Craig were of significant
importance. A list of other place names in Scotland with the word ‘millstone’
are provided for further study.
Millstone Making in the Peak
District of Derbyshire
Industrial Archeology Review, Vol 8, No 1. p42/58. Autumn 1985.
The millstone grit of the Peak District provided the greatest supply of
millstones made of native rock in
Industrial Archeology Review, Vol 9, No 2, p167/88. Spring 1987.
A general account is first given of the development of the millstone
industry, particularly during the last two or three centuries, and its division
into two distinct parts; the making of monolithic millstones from indigenous
rock in rural quarries and workshops; and the fabrication of millstones from
imported pieces of French burr stones in urban factories. The import and export
trade associated with these activities, and the cost of millstones, is
discussed. Augmented data on English quarries which made monolithic millstones
outside the Peak District is presented. Finally data on the many firms of urban
millstone makers is given and discussed where information previously published
can be significantly augmented.
A Fourteenth Century Millstone
Transaction: An Awful Warning about quoting Secondary Sources
Wind and Water Mills, Vol 8 p18/21,1988.
In a previous article the cost of five millstones in the 14th century was
given, quoted from a well known secondary source.
Since publication a translation of the original Latin had been found which
showed that the figure given was for each millstone. The trail of mistakes is
outlined and a complete translation of the source is given. Finally there is an
exhortation to always check back to the primary source!
MINING
Booklet
Ayrshire Hone - Stones.
Published by Ayrshire
Archaeological & Natural History Society, 47 pages, 1983.
(For summary see under EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES)
Articles
The Story of Wheal Guskus in the Parish of Saint Hilary
Journal of the Trevithic Society, Vol 1, p49/62,
1973.
[Co-author: Mary Tucker]
Wheal Guskus was a fairly small and not very
successful mine which had an independent existence only from 1850 to 1858.
During this period the mine was under the control of the Francis family and its
history can be traced in documents and letters now at the National Library for
The Hydro-Electric Power Station for the Greenside Lead Mine
Westmorland, c 1890.
Proceedings of the I.E.E. Weekend Meeting on the History of Engineering,
p7.1/7.8, July 1973.
(For summary see under HYDRO-ELECTRICITY)
The Lead Mines of South-east
Wales
Bulletin of the Peak District
Mines Historical Society, Vol 6. No I, p15/27, May
1975.
[Co-author: Mary Tucker]
The sites used for lead mining in Glamorgan
and Monmouthshire are identified and their history
examined. Much reference is made to the papers of the Francis family, who were
mining engineers and agents during the 19th century, especially with respect to
Bishopston Mine. Finally, details of the remains at
the nine positively identified sites are described.
Early Electrical Systems in
Collieries: The Trafalgar Colliery in the Forest of Dean and the Brain Family.
Proceedings of the 3rd
I.E.E. Weekend Meeting on the History of Electrical Engineering, p12.1/12.11,
July 1975.
(For summary see under HISTORY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING)
A Hitherto-unrecorded Lead
Mine at Garple Bridge near Balmaclellan,
Kirkcudbrightshire
Transactions of the Dumfries
and Galloway Natural History & Artiquarian
Society. Vol 52, p179/81, 1976-7.
[Co-author: Mary Tucker]
Among the unsorted papers relating to the Francis family held at the
National Library of Wales the authors discovered a map showing a lead mine at Garple Bridge on the River Garple
in Scotland. Other letters from this archive are quoted showing that the mine
was operative during a visit by Henry Francis in 1847, but as no further
information is known about the mine it is presumed to have been unsuccessful.
The Lead Mines of Glamorgan and Gwent
Morgannwg, Journal of Glamorgan
History, Vol 20, p37/52, 1977.
A general view is given of the lead mining activities in Glamorgan and Gwent prior to 1850, covering the period of
most activity in the 16th century. The resurgence in lead mining in the
mid-nineteenth century with respect to Bishopston, Llangan, and Caerphilly regions
is described. A list of known sites is provided together with a list of those
not yet located. This article provides additional information which has become
available.
The Sacking of the Francises by John Taylor 1841-2
British Mining, Vol 5, p14/I8, 1977.
[Co-author: Mary Tucker]
The relationship between the Francis and Taylor families involved in the
management of metal mines in Cardiganshire is explored. Although originally
cordial, letters in an unsorted collection at the National Library of Wales
shows that the relationship cooled in the early 1840s. Absolom
Francis had been dismissed by April 1841 and his nephew Matthew was also
dismissed in July 1842. Speculation is made that the Francises’
shares in rival mining companies could have upset the
New light on Llanfyrnach Lead Mine
British Mining, Vol 11, p44/7, 1979.
Two puzzles are highlighted about the Llanfyrnach
lead mines. The first, derived from the census returns, is the large increase
in labour between 1861 and 1871. The puzzle is how
these were recruited and trained as they were all local men. The second puzzle
concerns the machinery at the mine. It has been stated that in 1855 a steam
engine was installed but could not cope with the water. However, a sale of
machinery in the previous year, due to the impending change to steam, sold not
only the waterwheel pumps but all the equipment including the office furniture
before knowing if the steam engine would be viable.
Book Review
Peakland Lead Mines and Miners.
By H.M.Parker
& L.Willies, Published by Moorland Publishing Co.Ltd.
The Newcomen
Bulletin, Vol 116, April 1980.
THE
HISTORY OF RADIO
Articles
The History of the Homodyne
and Synchrodyne
Journal of the British
institution of Radio Engineers, Vol 14. p143/54, April 1954.
Technical descriptions of the Homodyne and Synchrodyne
are provided showing the demodulation of a.m. signals using local oscillators, synchronised in frequency to the carrier of the wanted
signal, so as to modulate the received wave. This wanted signal is obtained
immediately as an audio output without any further detection, all unwanted
signals being completely rejected by a low pass filter in the audio output. The
advantages of these circuits are given as high quality and high selectivity as
they are demodulators of precision. The history of these circuits is provided
over the preceding thirty years showing that they were not commercially used
until the advent of colour television.
The Invention of Frequency
Modulation in 1902
Journal of the Institution of
Electronic Radio Engineers, Vol 40, No 1, p33/7, July
1970.
It is demonstrated that the accounts in the literature of the early
history of frequency modulation are very confused and contradictory. After
demonstrating that Fessenden in his 1901 patent application almost certainly
did not intend to have or to utilise f.m., but was concerned only with
a.m., it is shown that the real inventor of f.m. was C.D.Ehret with his very clearly stated patent application
of 1902.
The Invention of Frequency
Modulation in 1902
Proceedings of the Institution
of Radio & Electronic Engineers of Australia, Vol
32, p8/ 12, January 1971.
For summary see previous article.
The Early History of Amplitude
Modulation, Sidebands and Frequency-Division-Multiplex
Journal of the Institution of
Electronic & Radio Engineers, Vol 41, No 1,
p43/7, January 1971.
It is shown that the ideas of f.d.m.
originated with Alexander Graham Bell around 1870 and were formulated as a f.d.m. telephone system by
Leblanc in 1886. Amplitude modulation of a carrier by speech probably
originated with Leblanc also in 1886. The existence of sidebands was
demonstrated by Mayer in 1875 but was rediscovered by early radio and telephone
engineers about 1915. The main developments up to about 1920 are discussed.
Journal of the Institution of
Electronic & Radio Engineers, Vol 42, No 2,
p69/8O, February 1972.
The development of positive feedback, which played an important role
during the 20 to 30 years following its application to electronic circuits in
1912 is described. The controversial inventions of 1912-15 are considered and
some of the applications of positive feedback in self-oscillating detectors
i.e. the autodyne, the homodyne, and the super-regenerative receivers, are
examined.
Origins and Types of Radio
Receivers
Radio Receivers, Published by
Peter Peregrinus for Institution of Electrical
Engineers, 1986.
[Edited by W.Gosling]
The origins and practical developments of the principal processes
involved in radio receivers up to the 1930s are described in this paper. It
starts with the early Marconi coherer type of receiver, covers the introduction
of the thermionic valve, multi-stage valve receivers, and the important
application of feedback especially to super-regenerative and superhetrodyne receivers. Other phenomena explored are the
use of sidebands and frequency modulation, which was originally invented as early
as 1902.
Book Reviews
BBC Engineering 1922-1972.
By Edward Pawley.
Association for Industrial
Archaeology Bulletin, Vol 2.5, p7, 1976.
Radio Wave Detectors.
By V.J.Philips,
published by Peter Peregrinus.
Radio and Electronic Engineer,
Vol 51, p249, 1981.
RAILWAYS
Articles
Railways in Iceland.
Industrial Railway Record; Vol 4, No 42, p2l6/9, April 1972.
(For summary see under
Proposed Branches of the
Monmouth Railway Company on the west of the River Wye, 1808-1810
Journal of the Monmouthshire Local History Council, Vol 34, p40/8, Autumn 1972.
The 1810 Act of Parliament for the Monmouth Railway Company describes
two branch tramways to Penallt and Whitebrook. The steep gradient of the Penallt
branch is assumed to signify that it was intended only for traffic from Penallt i.e. millstones; whereas the flatter Whitebrook branch would have carried materials to and from
the paper works. Calculations show that these two tramways could never be
commercially successful and so were not built, which begs the question of why
they were proposed in the first place.
The Wireworks Tramway and
Bridge at Tintern
Severn & Wye Review, Vol 2, p53/5, Winter 1972/3.
[Co-author: H.W.Paar]
The Wye Valley Railway of 1872 was originally going to run entirely on
the Monmouth side of the river and would hence pass through Tintern.
It is explained that this plan was changed so that it actually ran a
considerable distance on the Gloucestershire bank consequently the Duke of
Beaufort, who owned the wireworks at Tintern, insisted
on a branch line over the river to his works, stipulating the design of bridge
to be used.
The Hydro-Electric Power
Station for the Greenside Lead Mine Westmorland, C 1890.
Proceedings of the First
I.E.E. Weekend Meeting on the History of Electrical Engineering, p7.1/7.8, July
1973.
(For summary see under HYDRO-ELECTRICITY)
Phonomore and Phonoplex, F.D.M.
Telegraph Systems used on Railways in the late 19th Century.
Proceedings of the Institution
of Electrical Engineers, Vol 121, No 12, p1603/8, December
1974.
(For summary see under HISTORY OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS)
Centenary of the Wye Valley
Railway and the Railway History of Penallt
Parish of Penallt
Quarterly Newsletter; December 1976.
Although commemorating the centenary of the coming of the railway, it is
seen to have had very little effect on the commerce of the Parish of Penallt. Mention is made of an early proposed horse tramway
that would have had a greater effect if it had been built in 1810.
Nineteenth Century
Hydro-electric Railways in the U.K.
Joumal of the Railways & Canal Historical Society, Vol 24, p16/21, 1978.
(For summary see under HYDRO-ELECTRICITY)
The Reykjavik Harbour Railway.
Industrial Railway Record, No
77, p250/2, June 1978.
(For summary see under
Emile Lamm’s
Self-propelled Tramcars. 1870-72, and the Evolution of the Fireless Locomotive.
History of Technology, Vol 5, p103/17, 1980.
(For summary see under ROAD TRANSPORT)
The Maenclochog
Railway, Pembrokeshire: A Contribution to its
History
Journal of the Railway and
Canal Historical Society, Vol 27, p30/I, July 1981.
[Co.author: Mary Tucker}
The Maenclochog Railway has been considered to
have been closed in 1882. This article reproduces a newspaper report of 1884
describing the re-opening of the line for carrying slate and passengers. No
indication is given as to when the line finally closed.
The Coalbrookdale
Railway. 1767-68
Journal of the Railway and
Canal Historical Society, Vol 27, p2/6, November
1981.
The problem of transcription of Joseph Banks original notes about the Coalbrookdale Railway are discussed. Previous transcription
errors are considered to be responsible for mistakes in previously published
descriptions of the rail type in use in 1767, which are corrected by this
article. Although the rail type seems to have been developed originally on Tyneside, speculation is made, based on the likely distance
between sleepers, and the Coalbrookdale accounts, that it is possible that the style first
originated at Coalbrookdale.
The Listowel
& Ballybunion Railway: Some Revisions and
Additions to its Story
Journal of the Railway and
Canal Historical Society, Vol 28, p2/13, 1984.
The Listowel & Ballybunnion
Railway was built on the Lartigue monorail system for
10 miles in south-west
F.B.Behr’s Development of the Lartigue
Monorail: From Country Crawler to Electric Express
Transactions of the Newcomen Society, Vol 55,
p131/52, 1984.
The early applications of the Lartigue monorail
system to low cost agricultural uses are outlined. The collaboration of F.B.Behr with the Lartigue
Railway Company and the Listowel & Ballybunnion Railway is covered, but the main part of this
paper describes the design and trials of a high speed (over 100 m.p.h.) version for a proposed Manchester - Liverpool line
in 1900. The problem faced in getting a necessary Act of Parliament is covered
in detail. The reason for failure is blamed not on technical shortcomings but
on the Board of Trade’s insistence on a successful trial before giving their
approval, so preventing the raising of the required capital.
Journal of the Railway and
Canal Historical Society, Vol 28, p197/202, 1985.
The Royal Commission on
Cork Holly Bough, p20, 1987.
[Co-author:
This newspaper article mentions D.G.Tucker’s
1936 visit to the Schull and Skibereen
narrow gauge railway in
West Donegall
Congested? Government-built Railways in Co. Donegal
The Narrow Gauge, Vol 120. p1/7, Autumn 1988.
This article concerns the building of the 3 feet narrow gauge railway in
Co. Donegal in
The Ravenglass
and Eskdale Railway: Increased power provision
1927-1928
The Narrow Gauge, Vol 121/122, p32/4, 1988-1989.
The solutions to the problem of steep gradients on the Ravenglass and Eskdale Railway
undertaken in 1927/8 are examined. The opening of the line as a 2ft 9ins
mineral line in 1876, and its cessation of operations in 1913 is covered. Then
the conversion to 15 inch gauge involving Bassett-Lowke
and the model engineer Henry Greely using scale model engines is described.
These proved lacking in power for the gradients of up to 1 in 40 and had to be
used double-headed. The design of three new engines, named after local rivers,
is recorded. Two of these being articulated engines with steam powered tenders
for increased power. Unfortunately it is explained how these articulated
engines were not a success and were withdrawn after a few years. The article is
accompanied by four photographs of these engines taken by Dr. Tucker in 1936.
The Schull
and Skibbereen Railway
The Narrow Gauge, Vol 121/122, p41/6,1988-1989.
This article is in response to another article on the 3 ft gauge Schull and Skibereen Railway in Co. Cork, Ireland, which had recently
been published, and consists of the official report to the Board of Trade by
General Hutchinson of 2nd September 1886 prior to the railway’s opening. The
report covers detail of the length of track, gradients, curves and the methods
of line fixings used. It then continues by describing the bridges, both over
and under the line, including a 12 span viaduct over the Ballydehob
river. This is followed by details of the three
stations, turntables, and rolling stock. The report concludes with a short list
of outstanding requirements (including the fact that the station urinals should
be screened!) and a list of mandatory stopping places and speed limits. The
article ends by correcting some minor points in the previous article on this
first railway built under the Tramway & Light Railway Act of 1883. The
article is accompanied by 8 photographs mainly taken by Dr. Tucker In 1936.
ROAD
TRANSPORT
Booklet
How Towns got Electric Light
and Tramways: A Case Study of Gloucestershire and Neighbouring
Towns
Published by The Science
Museum, 64 pages, 1978.
An account is given of how the five main towns of Gloucestershire came
to consider, and decide, how to set up an electricity supply undertaking. The
systems and plants eventually installed are recorded, as is the way that demand
expanded. The proposals for electric tramways are also examined and the
beginnings of the tramway undertakings are described. These developments are
examined against the background of developments in
Articles
The Trolleybus Proposal at
Stroud, Glos., in 1903: The Stroud District & Cheltenham Tramways
Bill
The Journal of Transport
History, Vol 4, No 1, p40/6, February 1977.
The Stroud District and Cheltenham Tramway Bill of 1903 is discussed,
particularly its mixture of electric tramways and the use of electric trolley
buses on low passenger density routes. If built this would have been the first
scheme in
Neath corporation tramways
1897-1920: An unusual tramway system using gas-engine propulsion
Neath Antiquarian Society
Transactions, p67/84, 1979.
The introduction of gas powered trams, using twin cylinder Otto engines,
to Neath in 1899 is described in terms of the route,
the tramcars, and the arrangement between the Neath Corporation and the
operators of the tramway. The problems of operation, both technical and
financial are examined including speculation as to the number and sources of
tramcars. Finally the failure of the operating company and the replacement of
the cars by petrol omnibuses is described. The article is accompanied by three
contemporary photographs.
Neath Corporation Tramways
1897-1920: Part 1 & 2.
Tramway Review, Vol 14, p75/85, Autumn 1981, &
p110/3, Winter 1981.
These two articles are the same as the previous article but without the
references.
Emile Lamm’s
Self-propelled Tramcars 1870-72 and the Evolution of the Fireless Locomotive
History of Technology, Vol 5, p103/17, 1980
The first part of this article explains how Emile Lamm,
an American dentist, tackled the problem of how to provide self-propulsion in a
tramcar without producing smoke. It describes his initial idea of using ammonia
in a theoretically efficient system but with severe practical problems, that
used boiling calcium chloride solution to superheat water. This was followed by
the much simpler, but less efficient method, that
superheated water by passing steam through it and exhausting the used steam to
the atmosphere. The second part explains Lamm’s
patents by means of simple diagrams, whereas the third part covers the
practical application and development undertaken in
Gas Trams at Croydon - the
First in Britain
Tramway Review, Vol 16, No 127, p213/21, 1986.
It is argued that the gas powered tram used in the trials at Croydon in
late 1893 was of German origin, and that the one used in the 1894 trails was an
improved English built model. The variety of companies named in previous
publications and their roles is clarified. The Appendices cover the companies
involved with gas trams in Britain; news of the finding and restoration of a
gas tram at Neath; and details of gas trams used on
the continent.
Book Review
Lucas: The First 100 years. Vol 1 The King of the Road.
By Harold Nockolds.
Electronics & Power, p71,
January 1977.
STEAM
POWER
Articles
The Wye Tour, The Paul Pry, and Steam on the Wye
Severn & Wye Review, Vol 1, No 3, p71/2, Spring 1971.
The history of the Paul Pry, a small steamboat used on the R.Wye in the early 19th century is described and its
confusion with other river craft of the same name explained.
Ljungstrorn Turbines Dead but not Buried
I.E.E. News, p12, December
1976.
This report of a lecture by J.L.Wood of the
Royal Scottish Museums contains a resumé of the
history of radial flow turbines and their operation together with details of
the discussions that took place after the lecture.
William Taylor’s
Chain-and-drum Double-acting Steam Engine of 1798: The Redbrook
Engine
The Newcomen
Bulletin, Vol 115, p10/2, December 1979.
The questions raised by the discovery of a drawing by William Taylor of
a chain and drum double acting steam engine are explored, namely, was it ever
built; if so, was it used at Redbrook Tinplate Works;
and was it Taylor’s design? The evidence available is examined but is
inconclusive.
Fireless Steam Tugboats for
Canal Tunnels
Journal of the Railway and
Canal Historical Society, Vol 26, p81/5, November
1980.
The idea of a vehicular ‘fireless’ steam engine operating off
superheated water injected into containers on a vehicle at charging stations is
explained. This idea of Emile Lamm, an American, was
used by Leon Francq to power the tugs operating at
the canal tunnels of Mauvages and Pouilly
on the French canal system. The article contains a table of particulars of the Francq tugboats and one photograph taken in the late 1880s.
Emile Lamrn’s
Self-propelled Tramcars 1870-72 and the Evolution of the Fireless Locomotive.
History of Technology, Vol 5, p103/17, 1980.
(For summary see under ROAD TRANSPORT)
THE
HISTORY OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Articles
Beginnings of Long-distance
Telephony, 1882-87
Economics & Power, vol 20, p825/7, October 1974.
The economic and technical difficulties facing long-distance telephony
in 1882 are described especially as there was a worldwide telegraph network in
existence. The success of the Van Rysselberghe system
leading to the development of long-distance telephone networks in continental
Europe long before Britain is outlined, and the theories developed by William Preece, erroneously, and Oliver Heavyside
on long-distance transmission are expounded.
Phonomore and Phonoplex: F.D.M.
Telegraph Systems used on Railways in the late 19th Century
Proceedings of the Institution
of Electrical Engineers, Vol 121, No 12, p1603/8,
December 1974.
The Phonomore and Phonoplex
were introduced in 1885 to provide additional telegraph channels in the
frequency range above odinary
Beginnings of the Telephone
Service
Electronics & Power; Vol 22. p163/7, March 1976.
After the invention of the telephone by Alexander Bell its commercial
development was rapid. The first local services and the advent of telephone
exchanges are described. The competition between telephone companies and the
role of the state are investigated. After the Post Office monopoly was set up,
the growth of inter-urban links and the expansion of long distance telephony in
Beginnings of the Telephone
Service
Proceedings of the Institution
of Electrical Engineers, Vol 123, No 6, p561/8, June
1976.
The rapid development of telephone services after the invention of the
telephone is described in terms of interurban links and telephone exchanges.
The technical difficulties, commercial rivalries and governmental policies
holding back development are highlighted. The simultaneous use of the telegraph
and telephone invented by van Rysselberghe in Europe
and the development of metallic-loop circuits in the
Early Telephone Working in the
North East of England
Proceedings of the 4th I.E.E.
Weekend Meeting on the History of Electrical Engineering, p62/7, July 1976.
The introduction of the telephone in the North East saw competition
between the Post Office and a commercial company. The use of underground cables
providing metallic-loop circuits and the
experiments carried out in 1882 are
described, together with the use of trunk lines up to 1912 when the whole
network was taken over by me Post Office.
The First Cross-Cannel Telephone Cable: The London - Paris Telephone Links
of 1891
Transactions of the Newcomen Society, vol 47,
p117/32, 1974-6.
In the late 1880s
Chapter 50: Electrical
Communication
History of Technology, Vol 7, p1220/67, 1978.
This chapter of History of Technology begins with the origin of the
telephone and the start of telephone services thereby introducing telephone
exchanges and, very shortly after, inter urban long distance telephony. The
beginnings of radio are outlined with the contribution of Marconi and other pioneers.
The impact of the thermionic valve is covered together with such techniques as
modulation, sidebands, and negative feedback. This is followed by a section on
cables, aerials and antennas and the introduction of the Strowger
exchange. Radio broadcasting developments are discussed, as is the introduction
of television. Finally sound recording technology is mentioned in terms of
recording techniques and microphone technology.
The Early Development of the
British Underground Trunk Telephone Network
Transactions of the Newcomen Society, Vol 49, p57/74,
1978.
The main problems of using underground cables for the transmission of
speech at the turn of the century are outlined. The effects of different
designs of cables are explained and also the first breakthrough of inductive
loading which doubled the quality of the transmission. Some consideration is
also given to the use of phantom circuits to improve carrying capacity. The
major advance in the telephone trunk networks, due to the use of thermionic
valves working as amplifiers, thus making telephone repeaters possible, is
described together with details of the types of repeaters. The introduction of
negative feedback which signalled the end of these
types of systems about 1935 is considered in order to separate modern
technology from earlier developments.
Francois van Rysselberghe: Pioneer of Long-Distance Telephony.
Technology & Culture, Vol 19, p650/74, October 1978.
(For Summary see BIOGRAPHY)
A Technical History of Phantom
Circuits
Proceedings of the Institution
of Electrical Engineers, Vol 126, No 9, p893/900,
September 1979.
The historical and technical development of phantom circuits is
outlined. These circuits occurred on multipair
telephone and telegraph cables. The use of suitable transformers and balancing
arrangements are discussed together with their economic attractions. Their
employment, from 1900 onwards, in
Proceedings of the 12th
I.E.E. Weekend Meeting on the History of Electrical Engineering, pl/16, 1984.
Dr.Tucker describes his first
professional work for the Post Office in 1933/4. At that time 60% of telephone
circuits were two-wire, using repeaters incorporating valve amplifiers giving
an overall loss of 3db. This was not good enough for picture transmission for
newspapers. There was mild controversy in the Post Office whether to convert to
a four wire system or improve the existing two wire lines. Therefore
experiments were undertaken to provide zero-loss on two-wire telephone lines
prior to the application of negative feedback. Although the experiments were
successful, they involved ‘hand tuning’ and the selection of individual valves,
so eventually the decision was taken to upgrade all lines to four wire
operation. This paper is accompanied by extensive reproduction of experimental
results from Dr.Tucker’s contemporary notebooks.
Editorial
The Invention and Early Use of
the Telephone
Journal of the Institution of
Electronics & Telecomrnunications Engineers, Vol 22, No 3, p101/6, 1976.
Some of the more fundamental aspects of the origins of the telephone,
particularly the telephone transmitter and receiver are discussed. Also the way
in which telephony spread rapidly throughout the world in the decade which
followed its commercial exploitation with the introduction of exchanges,
inter-urban networks, and long distance telephony. Finally, a brief account is
given of the beginning of telephony in
Book Reviews
Tagebuch der Nachrichtentechnik von
1600 bis zur
Gegenwari.
By Sigfrid
von Weiher, Published
by VDE Verlag gmbh.
Newcomen Bulletin, Vol
119, p14/5, April 1981.
Power of Speech: A History of
Standard Telephones and Cables.
By Peter Young, published by George Allen & Unwin.
Newcornen Bulletin, Vol 127, p17,
1983.
ECOLOGY
Articles
The London Naturalist, Journal
of the London Natural History Society, p43/4, 1942.
The Epping Forest Survey:
Second Year. The Climate of Epping Forest
The London Naturalist, Journal
of the London Natural History Society p43/6, 1944.
The Epping Forest Survey:
Report on the Survey of the Cuckoo Pits Area 1942-4
The London Naturalist, Journal
of the London Natural History Society p39/65, 1945.
The Mammals and Birds of Highhams Park
The London Naturalist, Journal
of the London Natural History Society p109/16, 1947.
A Preliminary Quantitative
Study of Birds near Bicker, Pan of Holland
Transactions of the
Lincolnshire Naturalists’ Union, p31/9, 1948.
The Epping Forest Survey:
Report on the Ludgate Plain Area 1946-7
The London Naturalist Journal
of the London Natural History Society p66/73, 1948.
Some Simple Quantitative
Relationships in Ecology with particular reference to Birds
The London Naturalist, Journal
of the London Natural History Society p42/55, 1948.
The Application of the
Logarithmic Series & the Index of Diversity to Bird Population Statistics
The London Naturalist, Journal
of the London Natural History Society, p62/80, 1951.
MISCELLANY
Articles
A Note on Duhamel’s Integral
with particular reference to the Transient Response of Filter Section.
Philosophical Magazine, Ser 7, Vol 36, p203/12, March
1948.
An Analogue Computer for
Fourier Transforms.
British Institution of Radio
Engineers Convention Paper, p1/4, June 1957.
Technological Humanism.
Journal of the Institution of
Electrical Engineers, Vol 105, p601/2, 1958.
Scientific Manpower and Industrial Development
Journal of the British
Institution of Radio Engineers, Vol 20, No 12, p937,
December 1960.
Ultrasonic Monitoring of Decompression
The Lancet, p1253, June 1968.
[Co-author: V.G.Welsby]
Comments on the report ‘Neighbourhood Noise’ by British Acoustical Society by the
working group on Noise Abatement Act of the Noise Abatement Society.
Journal of Sounds &
Vibration, Vol 22, June 1972.
19th Century Trades and Occupations in Four Lower-Wyeside Parishes
Severn & Wye Review, Vol 2, No 1, p3/14, Summer 1972.
Sheepwash Neglected
Country Life, p1117, October
1976.
Interpretations of the History of Technology and the Newcomen Society Tradition
Transactions of the Newcomen Society, Vol 51,
p197/201,1979-80.
Fancy That!
Forum, p4/6, 1986.
Conference Report
Diamond Jubilee of the Newcomen Society
Technology and Culture, Vol 23, No 1, p73/7, January 1982.
Published Letter
Industrial Archaeology, Vol 7, No 3, p346/7, 1970.
Book Reviews
The Smaller Publications of
the lronbridge Gorge Museum Trust.
Industrial Archaeology Review,
Vol 3, No 2. p187/9, Spring
1979.
Historic Industrial Scenes:
Wales.
By D.Morgan
Rees, Published by Moorland Publishing
Co. Ltd.
The Newcomen
Bulletin, Vol 116, April 1980.
History of Engineering and Industry Course (Final Year Engineering BSc)
1 General Survey of Power and Machines
2 Power before Steam and influence on Location
3 Transport before Steam - Water Transport
4 Transport before Steam - Land Transport
9 Textiles - before the machine age
10 Textiles - in the machine age
13 Technical Development of Radio and Thermionic Valve
14 Brief Biographies of some early Electrical Scientists
16 Development of Hydro-Electricity